XML Interview Questions And Answers

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XML Interview Questions And Answers

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Ques: 1 Define XML namespace?

Ans:
XML Namespaces provide a method to avoid element name conflicts.XML namespace is a collection of element type and attribute names.A reasonable argument can be made that XML namespaces don’t actually exist as physical or conceptual entities.

Ques: 2 Does XML replace HTML?

Ans:
No. XML itself does not replace HTML. Instead, it provides an alternative which allows you to define your own set of markup elements. HTML is expected to remain in common use for some time to come, and the current version of HTML is in XML syntax. XML is designed to make the writing of DTDs much simpler than with full SGML.

Ques: 3 Define XMLHttpRequest Object?

Ans:
Using XMLHttpRequest Object:
1. Updated a web page without reloading.
2. Requesting for data from a server after the page has loaded.
3. Receive data from a server after the page has loaded.
4. Send data to a server in the background. 

XMLHttpRequest Object creating like:
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();

Ques: 4 What are basic problems to using Attributes?

Ans:
Some of the problems with using attributes are:
1. Attributes cannot contain multiple values 
2. Attributes cannot contain tree structures 
3. Attributes are not easily expandable
Attributes are difficult to read and maintain. Use elements for data. Use attributes for information that is not relevant to the data.

Ques: 5 define XML Elements, Attributes  with example?

Ans:
There are no rules about when to use attributes or when to use elements.
For Example:
1. <person sex="female">
     <firstname>Anna</firstname>
       <lastname>Smith</lastname>
   </person>
2. <person>
     <sex>female</sex>
      <firstname>Anna</firstname>
     <lastname>Smith</lastname>
   </person>

In the first example sex is an attribute. In the last, sex is an element. Both examples provide the same information.

Ques: 6 Define Syntax rules in XML in brief?

Ans:
1. All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag
2. XML Tags are Case Sensitive
3. XML Elements Must be Properly Nested
4. XML Documents Must Have a Root Element
5. XML Attribute Values Must be Quoted
6. Entity References:
&lt; < less than 
&gt; > greater than 
&amp; & ampersand  
&apos; ' apostrophe &quot; " 
7. Comments in XML
8. White-space is Preserved in XML

Ques: 7 What software is needed to process XML Namespaces?

Ans:
There is no need for any special XML namespace software.

Ques: 8 What is an XML namespace name?

Ans:
XML namespace name is a URI that uniquely identifies the namespace. URIs is used because they are widely understood and well documented. Because people may only allocate URIs under their control, it is easy to ensure that no two XML namespaces are identified by the same URI.

Ques: 9 Define essential components of security does the XML Signatures provide?

Ans:
Three Components are:
1. Authentication
2. Message integrity and
3. Non-repudiation
In addition to signature information, an XML Signature can also contain information describing the key used to sign the content.

Ques: 10 Define some terms when naming the element in XML?

Ans:
1. Element names can contain any character including letters and numbers.
2. Element names must not contain spaces
3. Element names must not begin with a number or punctuation character (for example a comma or semi-colon etc).
4. Element names must not start with the letters xml (whether lowercase, uppercase, or mixed case)

Ques: 11 In XML elements have nested properly.Define?

Ans:
Placed elements inside other elements but needed to ensure each element's closing tag doesn't overlap with any other tags.

Wrong declaration is:

<R4R>
  <name>XML</R4R>
</name>

Right declaration is:

<R4R>
  <name>XML</name>
</R4R>

Ques: 12 'Tags Are Case Sensitive' how, define ?

Ans:
All tags must be written using the correct case. XML sees <tutorial> as a different tag to <R4R>
The wrong declaration is :

<r4R>XML</R4r>

Right Declaration is:

<R4R>XML</R4R>
<r4r>XML</r4r>
<r4R>XML</r4R>

Ques: 13 Define Child Elements and Content in any XML Program?

Ans:
1. Elements that are contained within the root element,represented by an opening and closing tag,Data and other elements reside between them. 
2. XML allows you to use empty elements. An empty element is one without a closing tag. Like HTML you must close empty elements with a forward slash before the > symbol. For example, <br />.
3. Elements can also contain one or more attributes. An attribute is a name/value pair, that you place within an opening tag, which allows you to provide extra information about an element.

Ques: 14 Define <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="myStyles.css"?> in brief?

Ans:
It means processing instructions, begin with <? and end with ?>. Processing instructions are instructions for the XML processor. Processing instructions are not built into the XML recommendation.

Ques: 15 Define <!-- Here is a comment --> brief?

Ans:
XML comments begin with <!-- and end with -->. Similar to HTML comments, XML comments allow you to write stuff within your document without it being parsed by the processor.

Ques: 16 Define brief \"<!doctype document system \"R4R.dtd\">\" ?

Ans:
This syntax means Document Type Definition (DTD),defines the rules of your XML document,XML itself has rules,the rules defined in a DTD are specific to your own needs.The DTD is used when you validate your XML document.DTDs can be internal (i.e. specified within the document) or external (i.e. specified in an external file).

Ques: 17 Define "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>" in brief?

Ans:
1. ?xml version="1.0": XML declaration indicates that the document is written in XML and specifies which version of XML. 
2. encoding="UTF-8": Language encoding for the document (optional) and if the application refers to external entities (optional).
3. standalone="no": This is not a standalone document as it relies on an external resource (i.e. the DTD).

Ques: 18 Give examples of XML Editors?

Ans:
1. XML Notepad
2. XML Cooktop
3. XML Pro
4. XML Spy
5. eNotepad

Ques: 19 Describe benefits of an XML Editor?

Ans:
1. When coding XML, it will help prevent you from making errors.
2. XML editor should also provide validation a way for you to validate that the documents you create are well formed.
3. XML editors are similar to HTML editors in that they provide syntax highlighting which helps with readability when you're coding. 
4. Automatically insert a closing tag once you're added an opening tag like HTML editor.

Ques: 20 Define steps necessary to parse XML documents?

Ans:
Determining whether a non-validating or validating parser is needed, choosing the appropriate parser, and handling errors are all important aspects to this process that should be included.